What mechanisms primarily drive moisture movement through hygroscopic materials?

The correct choice is based on the understanding of how moisture is transported through hygroscopic materials, which are substances that absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. Capillary action and diffusion are the two primary mechanisms driving this moisture movement.

Capillary action plays a crucial role in the movement of water within small pores found in hygroscopic materials. It occurs due to the adhesive and cohesive forces of water molecules. When water comes into contact with the surface of a hygroscopic material, it is drawn into the pores, and then it can move through the material against gravity. This movement continues until equilibrium is reached, whereby water is evenly distributed throughout the material.

Diffusion, on the other hand, is the process where moisture moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It occurs as water vapors in the air seek balance within the hygroscopic material. This process can be influenced by temperature and humidity levels, further promoting the movement of moisture.

Together, capillary action and diffusion account for the moisture dynamics in hygroscopic materials, making option B the correct answer. Other mechanisms listed in the options, such as evaporation and condensation, primarily concern the transition of water between states rather than the direct transport of moisture within materials. Centrifugal action and filtration